Do not result from an acute infectious process are not communicable cause premature morbidity, dysfunction, and reduced quality of life usually develop and progress over long. We aimed to document the prevalence and mortality associated with four major noncommunicable diseases in ethiopia. Nearly 80% of these deaths occurred in low and middle income countries. This chapter discusses the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases ncds which are the leading causes of death and disability at the global level and in most regions of the world. Communicable and non communicable diseases increase at the same rate in low and highincome countries occurring among the same patient populations, and it is fundamental to define an effective and. Introduction to non communicable diseases free download as powerpoint presentation. Lack of access to safe water and inadequate sanitation facilities transmission of waterborne and foodborne pathogens. Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases oxford. Explain that after learning the lesson content they will complete a skill assessment in pairs or individually. Noncommunicable diseases ncds are responsible for nearly 40 million deaths each year which represents almost three quarters of all deaths worldwide. Noncommunicable disease unit advancing global prevention and control today, over three quarters of all deaths worldwide are due to noncommunicable diseases ncds. Department of community health bureau of epidemiology communicable and related diseases filed with the secretary of state on october 2, 2009 these rules become effective immediately upon filing with the secretary of state unless. More recently, epidemiologic methods have been applied to chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternalchild health, occupational health, and. Non communicable diseases are driven by seemingly unrelated causes such as rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population.
Epidemiology of non communicable diseases misganaw a et al. Communicable diseases can be spread through bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces, air or food. Communicable diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted and make people ill. Death or disability at younger ages and rising healthcare costs resulting from ncds are causing severe. Epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases non communicable. Epidemiology of major noncommunicable diseases in ethiopia. Any documents contained on this web site that are translations from original text written in english are unofficial and not binding on this state or a political subdivision of this state. Communicable disease definition of communicable disease by. Using graphs, on a pageper country presentation format. Ppt epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases powerpoint. Ncds are becoming more common, while rates of communicable diseases are dropping. Reframing noncommunicable diseases the lancet global health.
This document replaces all previous versions of the prevention and control of communicable diseases, a guide for school administrators, nurses, teachers, and child care providers. Who independent highlevel commission on noncommunicable diseases table of contents 04 message from the cochairs 09 policies and programmes that have best driven progress 12 challenges to implementation 15 recommendations 07 burden and impact of ncds and mental disorders 10 global commitments to prevent and treat ncds rationale for the. The collective dynamic initiated by luke allen and andrea feigl1 is remarkable, and explains why they felt the need to formulate a new proposal,2 which involves renaming and reframing non communicable diseases ncds as socially transmitted conditions stcs. Ncds are the leading cause of death in the world, responsible for 63% of the 57 million deaths that occurred in 2008. This includes details of what proportion of each countrys deaths are due to diseases such as cancer, heart and lung diseases, and diabetes. Epidemics of non communicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. Non communicable diseases ncds have reached pandemic levels globally and pose a major threat to social and economic development worldwide. Communicable diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in disaster situations, particularly, where there is. List risk factors relevant to selected non communicable diseases 2. Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Overview of noncommunicable diseases and related risk. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases subchapter a. Originally, epidemiology was concerned with epidemics of communicable diseases. These diseases are mainly caused by different organisms.
Communicable and noncommunicable disease ppt xpowerpoint. There is shift from mortality from communicable diseases due to the use immunizations and antibiotics etc. This chapter discusses the prevention and control of non communicable diseases ncds which are the leading causes of death and disability at the global level and in most regions of the world. The spread or transfer can happen through the air, through contact with contaminated surfaces, or through direct. The discipline of epidemiology has done much to bring this issue to the forefront of global health. Prevention and control of communicable diseases a guide for school administrators, nurses, teachers, child care providers, and parents or guardians department of health and senior services bureau of communicable disease control and prevention jefferson city, mo 65102 573 75161 866 6289891 email. Nelson studies of the epidemiology of infectious diseases include evaluation of the factors leading to infection by an organism, factors affecting the transmission of an organism, and those associated with clinically recognizable disease among those who are infected. Noncommunicable diseases ncds, also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. Ltd, pondicherry, india printed and bound in the uk by biddles ltd, kings lynn webbercommunicable disease epidemiology and control, 2nd edition final. Noncommunicable diseases are the leading killer today and are on the increase. Communicable diseases have a variety of symptoms and can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites.
So they are called as communicable or infectious diseases. Between 2010 and 2014, new reported cases of leprosy in latin america and the caribbean declined from 37,571 to 33,789 1, 2, a 10. Epidemiology is medical science that involves the study of the incidence and distribution of diseases in large populations, and the conditions influencing the spread and severity of disease. A noncommunicable disease is a noninfectious health condition lasting for a long period of time. Epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. In this lesson, we looked at the field of epidemiology, or the study and control of disease, specifically looking at the difference between communicable and non communicable diseases. Low and middleincome countries lmic are experiencing increasing disease burdens of ncds. Communicable diseases are spread from person to person or from animal to person. Feb 11, 2017 epidemiology of non communicable diseases. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. Non communicable diseases are usually associated with aging.
Epidemiology and the scientific basis of ncd prevention and control surveillance and ncds hofman 1 lancet 2015. Overview of noncommunicable diseases and related risk factors. Diseases az disease reporting data and reports contact us. Isbn 9789535127406, eisbn 97895351274, pdf isbn 9789535173229, published 20161109. Contrary to popular opinion, available data demonstrate that nearly 80% of deaths due to non communicable diseases occur in low and middleincome countries. Brazil reported 31,064 new cases in 2014, accounting for 91. Communicable disease profile for afghanistan and neighbouring countries who communicable disease wg on emergenciesoctober 2001 2 introduction this document is intended to provide health professionals working in afghanistan and neighbouring countries with information on the major epidemic and endemic disease threats faced by the displaced. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014.
Noncommunicable diseases ncds are a group of conditions that include cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, diabetes, and mental illness. Review article epidemiology of major noncommunicable. Even as infections and nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to death and disability, cardiovascular diseases cvds, cancers, diabetes, neuropsychiatric ailments, and other. The control of the communicable diseases should focus on controlling the factors of the spread of communicable diseases to break the chain of infection. Department of clinical epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases. Impact of noncommunicable diseases is not welldocumented in ethiopia. Immigration from or travel to a developing country within 6 months prior to onset. Describe epidemiology of non communicable diseases explain epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases explain epidemiology of congenital heart disease describe epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease. Report of the who independent highlevel commission on. Epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases free download as powerpoint presentation. The report features information about the noncommunicable diseases ncds situation in 193 countries.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is generally a mild disease causing few, if any, symptoms, but in some cases, symptoms can be severeeven leading to death. Head of the department doctor of medical sciences md, phd nesen a. In idaho, legal authority for regulations protecting the health of the people of idaho is granted to the board of. Acute communicable disease control manual b73 revisionaugust 2011 part iv. In this lesson, we are going to look at the epidemiology of the two major branches of disease. View and download powerpoint presentations on communicable and noncommunicable disease ppt. Ltd, pondicherry, india printed and bound in the uk by biddles ltd, kings lynn webber communicable disease epidemiology and control, 2nd edition final. Epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases attributes of lifestyle and nature on humankind. Definition chronic conditions that do not result from an acute infectious process and hence are not communicable. Aug 21, 2018 epidemiology of non communicable disease 1. Pdf epidemiology of major noncommunicable diseases in. The epidemiology of common communicable diseases center for acute disease epidemiology lucas state office building, 321 e.
Communicable disease definition of communicable disease. The department was founded in 1981 as a laboratory for epidemiology and prevention, whose goal was to preserve the health of the population by evaluation on risk factors and carrying out activities for primary and secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases ncd in different populations. Diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis can cause epidemics with. Some of these diseases are highly epidemic in nature.
These notifiable conditions are categorized as vaccine preventable, foodborne, waterborne, and zoonotic diseases, acute hepatitis. These include deaths caused by injuries, such as motor vehicle injuries, and chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Non communicable diseases are the leading causes of death globally, killing more people each year than all other causes combined. To submit a question or comment to the communicable disease epidemiology program, please click on the suggestion box to access our online form. The potential and value of epidemiology in curbing non. These diseases spread through food, water, air, touch and blood. Disclaimer in clinical practice, certain circumstances and individual cases require professional judgment beyond the scope of this document. A disease that has a prolonged course, that does not resolve spontaneously, and for which a complete cure is rarely achieved. Non communicable diseases, intended as the results of a combination of inherited, environmental and biological factors, kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to roughly 70% of. The department was founded in 1981 as a laboratory for epidemiology and prevention, whose goal was to preserve the health of the population by evaluation on risk factors and carrying out activities for primary and secondary prevention of non communicable diseases ncd in different populations. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
Introduction to ncd epidemiology presenters name presenters title. Noncommunicable diseases ncds, mainly cardiovascular diseases cvds, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes represent a leading threat to human health these four diseases are the worlds biggest killers, causing an estimated 35 million deaths each year 60% of all deaths globally with 80% in low and middleincome. Apr 27, 2020 communicable disease definition is an infectious disease such as cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, measles, or tuberculosis that is transmissible by contact with infected individuals or their bodily discharges or fluids such as respiratory droplets, blood, or semen, by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, by ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct or. Other program areas tuberculosis tb healthcare associated infections hai. Communicable disease epidemiology june 2014 the office of communicable disease epidemiology cde is responsible for surveillance of more than 66 of washington states approximately 80 notifiable conditions. Disaster risk management for health fact sheets key points global platform may 2011. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Six of the top 10 leading causes of death in 2012 were ncds, including the top three ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Noncommunicable diseases, intended as the results of a combination of inherited, environmental and biological factors, kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to roughly 70% of. Similarly, global burden of disease gbd studies estimated agestandardized death rates of 800 per 100,000 population for non communicable diseases in ethiopia, of which higher death rates. Global platform may 2011 disaster risk management for. Global noncommunicable disease epidemiology and control. The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Department of clinical epidemiology of noncommunicable. Further, this trend is increasing rapidly by 2020 it is predicted that 70% of deaths in these countries will be due to ncds 16. The phn will adhere to the following guidelines outlined in the three documents. Objectives at the end of the class students will be able to. Communicable diseases, and the associated risk factors, can be grouped as follows.
Who noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2011. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 239k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Chronic conditions are characterized by the following. Identify general concepts, risk factors, healthy lifestyle, risk modification, primary and secondary prevention of ncd 3. Communicable disease definition is an infectious disease such as cholera, hepatitis, influenza, malaria, measles, or tuberculosis that is transmissible by contact with infected individuals or their bodily discharges or fluids such as respiratory droplets, blood, or semen, by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, by ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct or. Concepts on communicable diseases concepts on communicable. Describe what communicable diseases are explain the epidemiologic principles in control and prevention of communicable diseases describe the surveillance concepts as applied in communicable diseases name the notifiable diseases as stipulated in the public health act explain the approaches used in responding to epidemics. Then epidemiology was extended to endemic communicable diseases and noncommunicable infectious diseases. The four main types of noncommunicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and stroke, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and diabetes.
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